Panelist biographies:

Dr. George Andreopoulos is Associate Professor of Government at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and a member of the doctoral faculty of the Political Science and Criminal Justice Programs at the Graduate Center, City University of New York. He is also the Director of the Center for International Human Rights at John Jay College. He studied history, law, and international relations at the Universities of Chicago and Cambridge. Before coming to CUNY, he taught for several years at Yale University, where he was also the founding Associate Director of the Orville Schell Center for International Human Rights. He has written extensively on international security, international human rights, and international humanitarian law issues. His recent publications include (ed.) Concepts and Strategies in International Human Rights (Peter Lang), The Laws of War: Constraints on Warfare in the Western World (with Sir Michael Howard and Mark Shulman, Yale University Press), and Human Rights Education for the Twenty-First Century (with Richard Pierre Claude, University of Pennsylvania Press). Human Rights Education for the Twenty-First Century has been translated into Japanese and Chinese, and was nominated for the Grawemeyer Award in Education. He is currently completing a book on Humanitarian Intervention for Yale University Press. He serves on the Editorial Board of Human Rights Review. Over the years, Professor Andreopoulos has participated in several human rights missions, most recently in a mission to Sierra Leone to study and prepare recommendations on accountability mechanisms in that country. During the 2003-2004 academic year, Professor Andreopoulos served as President of the Human Rights Section of the American Political Science Association.

Dr. Juergen Dedring: Born in Essen, Germany. 'Diplom-Politologe' (MA equivalent) 1965, Free University, West Berlin. Studies at Harvard University: A.M. (1969), Ph.D. (1974). Taught at Harvard and at Dartmouth College. Research Associate, United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), New York, 1972-1974. Author, "Recent advances in peace and conflict research : a critical survey" (1976). Political Officer, United Nations Secretariat, New York, 1975-1996. Teaching international relations and global affairs at the CUNY Graduate Center, City College of New York, and the School of Continuing and Professional Studies at NYU. Also, conducting related research on international organizations, multilateralism, conflict prevention, conflict resolution, peacemaking, and European studies, including the European Union.

Dr. Jacques Fomerand studied law and graduated in political science at the University of Aix-en-Provence, France and earned a Ph.D. degree in political science at the City University of New York. He joined the United Nations Secretariat in 1977 where he followed economic, social and coordination questions in the Office of the Under Secretary General of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs. From 1992 to June 2003 when he retired from United Nations service, he was Director of the United Nations University Office in North America. Jacques Fomerand now teaches at John Jay College of the City University of New York, Seton Hall University, Columbia University and Occidental College. He has widely published on matters related to the functioning of the United Nations and international affairs and is currently completing a Dictionary of the United Nations to be published by Scarecrow Publishers.

Dr. Jean Krasno is an adjunct professor of International Relations at City College of New York where she holds the position of Yolanda Moses Scholar. She is also a Fellow at International Security Studies, Yale University where she has taught courses on the United Nations, UN peacekeeping, and International Organization. She was Executive Director of the Academic Council on the United Nations System from 1998 to 2003. She also serves as Deputy Director of the Yale-UN Oral History Project under James Sutterlin at Yale where she has conducted a series of interviews with people who have been directly involved in crises involving UN peace operations. Dr. Krasno has been authorized by Secretary-General Kofi Annan to organize his papers at the end of his term and also serves on the Board of Directors of the U Thant Institute. Dr . Krasno received her Ph.D. from the City University of New York Graduate Center in 1994. Some of her publications include The United Nations: Confronting the Challenges of a Global Society, editor, (2004), Lynne Rienner Publisher; Leveraging for Success in UN Peace Operations, editor with Don Daniel and Bradd Hayes, (2003) Greenwood/Praeger Publishers; The United Nations and Iraq: Defanging the Viper, coauthored with James Sutterlin (2003), Greenwood/Praeger Publishers; "Brazil" in Robert Chase, Emily Hill, and Paul Kennedy, The Pivotal States: A New Framework for U.S. Policy in the Developing World (1998), St. Martin's Press.